Earthquakes

Trembling or shaking his head movement Earth's surface. Most earthquakes are minor tremors.Usually the larger the earthquake began to shake slightly, but in the rapid formation of one or more violent shocks, and, ultimately, the gradual reduction of forces in the vibration, known as aftershocks. Point of origin of the earthquake ground floor is your concern, this focus on the surface of the top of the epicenter. The magnitude and intensity of the earthquake is by the use of scale, for example, the Richter scale and Mercalli scale.

Causes of Earthquakes

Most of the earthquake is the cause and effect relationship between compression or traction forces to create a large-scale movement of lithosphere plates constitute the edge of the Earth's surface. The immediate cause of the sudden release of pressure on a deeper earthquakes along faults or fracture in the Earth's crust caused by the movement of blocks of rocks against each other. These movements caused by vibration and around the Earth through a wave, because the waves produced when a pebble dropped in the water. Volcanic eruptions, landslides, landslides, and causing an explosion, but also an earthquake, but most of them in the local scope only.

Seismic

There are several types of seismic waves, including P, or primary waves, which is extruded and travel faster, and S, or secondary wave, which is horizontal, ie perpendicular to the direction of movement of the Earth's vibration. Is divided into several main types of surface waves, known as the L or long-term waves. As the rate of P and S waves change the density and hardness of the material, cross-border land between the region known as the crust, mantle and the Earth's core have been aware of scientists who deal with seismic analysis and interpretation of seismic waves, seismographs are used to record P, S, L and wave. The disappearance of S waves at depths of 1,800 miles (2,900 km) indicates that at least some outside the Earth's core is liquid.

The earthquake damage

The impact of the strongest earthquake in a wide range of areas near the epicenter. Soil surface crack and the failure to reach the surface often occurs, the horizontal and vertical displacement of a few meters generally. The campaign did not appear in the earthquake, the light cycle, campaign, called fault creep can be accompanied by microearthquakes too small to feel. Extent of earthquake vibration and subsequent damage to an area depends partly on the terrain. For example, seismic vibration, longer life and greater volatility on the surface of loose material, such as poor compacted fill or river deposits, a small mountain fruit. The most serious damage occurred in densely populated urban areas, rather than building structures to withstand strong vibration. Have reported that waves can produce vibrations, building damage, and to break the water and natural gas pipeline started uncontrollable fires.

The destruction and loss of life caused by the earthquake continued to decline in the structure, glass and objects. Flexible architecture built on the bedrock is usually more resistant to earthquake damage of the rigid structure, the establishment of loose soil. In some areas, the earthquake could trigger landslides sliding down hillsides, can be buried below the house. A submarine earthquake waves caused by the devastating tsunami waves outward epicenter of the quake and flooding coastal cities.

Earthquake
On average, the 1000 earthquake intensity of 5.0 or higher, an annual record. A major earthquake (intensity 8.0 or higher) occur each year a major earthquake (intensity 7,0-7,9) occurs 18 times a year a strong earthquake (intensity 6.0-6.9) 10 months, moderate earthquakes (intensity 5.0-5.9 more), twice a day. Since most of which occurred in the ocean or sparsely populated areas, all have been ignored, but the earthquake. The most important earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal (1755), New Madrid, Missouri (1811 and 1812), Charleston (1886), Assam, India (1897 and 1950), San Francisco ( 1906), Messina, Italy (1908), Gansu, China (1920), Tokyo, Japan (1923), Chile (1960), Iran (1962), Managua, Nicaragua (1972),Guatemala (1976), Hebei, China (1976), Mexico (1985), Armenia (1988), Luzon, Philippines (1990), ñ, Japan (1993), Kobe, Japan (1995), Turkey Yizi Mi Special (1999), Central Region (1999), Oaxaca, Mexico (1999). Lisbon and Chilean earthquakes accompanied bytsunamis. In the Ching Ming Festival in 1964, an earthquake in North America, the most serious attack in Alaska, measuring from 8.4 8.6 intensity. Apart from raising the 70,000 square miles (181.3 thousand square kilometers) of land and devastating several cities, triggering tsunami, caused by damage to Southern California.

10 of the 15 largest earthquakes in the United States occurred in Alaska, and eight of the 15 largest continental United States occurred in California. The recent earthquake, the U.S., including in February 1971, the campaign's San Fernando fault near Los Angeles. It has shaken the area for 10 seconds, to promote some mountains 8 feet (2.4 meters) increase, the losses caused by the death 64 people worth 500 million U.S. dollars. In 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake, the Santa Cruz to shake hands for 15 seconds, the intensity of 7.1, killing 67 people, collapsed buildings and bridges. In January 1994, a 6.6 earthquake, its epicenter in N Los Angeles, causing significant damage to urban infrastructure, thousands of people homeless.

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Golden Temple, India

Wonder: Golden Temple
Country: India
Region: Amritsar
Visitable: Yes
About:
The Golden Temple of Amritsar is considered the spiritual center of Sikh religion and its impacting tremendous architectural brilliance attracts the attention of all visitors.

Golden Temple is located in the holy city of Amritsar, and is considered the spiritual center of the Sikh religion. Also called Sri Harmandir Sahib, which was founded by Session Guru of Sikhs, Guru Ram Das and completed by his successor, Guru Arjan Dev in the 14th century.

Golden temple architecture is a combination of Hindu and Islamic styles built between 1588 and 1601. He stopped in the middle of the tank (Sarovar) on the platform 67ft square, which covers the architecture of a large panel of the dome and towers small and large attract many tourists from all over the world and from people of all faiths. Temple had four gates, respectively, to the east, west, north and south. Visited the Sikh community from around the world to be the most sacred places sacred to the people of the Sikh religion.

HISTORY
Fifth Nanak, Guru Arjan Sahib conceived the idea of creating a place of worship of the Sikhs, who designed the architecture, but plans to excavate the tank Holy recipients of the Third Nanak, Guru Sahib Amardas, conducted by Guru Ramdas Sahib.
Past Guru Sahib acquire land for the site free or at cost to landlords, zamindars, the indigenous population. At the same time, the construction of the tank (Sarovar) and the resolution of the city began in 1570. It works with both projects completed in the year 1577AD.

Current structure of the 18th century, which was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Dome closed on 100kgs of gold. The Granth Sahib, the holy book is treated as a guru of the Sikhs, are stored in the temple.

The main structure of the Golden Temple is the story of three-one. In front, facing the bridge, is decorated with arches lobes and repeating the first floor ceiling height 26 feet and 9 inches. Its architecture represents a unique harmony between Muslims and Hindus way of construction and is regarded as the best examples of architecture in the world.

The Deore Darshan and a bow at the end of the road. Frame is about 10 meters. High, 8 feet 6 inches of breathing. The door panels are decorated with artistic style. The bridge is connected to 13 meters wide (Pardakshna 'path circumambulatory). This walk around the main sanctuary and led to the 'Har ki Faure' (steps of God). The first floor of "Har Ki Faure ', there is continuous reading of Guru Granth Sahib.

The Akhand Path, a continuous read the Guru Granth Sahib, is held on the first floor of Darbar Sahib. What impressed Sheesh Mahal is a closed room with a mirror upstairs.

After the golden dome was added to the temple, which was called the Golden Temple. Visitors can enjoy easy access to the church through the Hall Bazaar shopping area. Devotees wash their hands and feet, and cover their heads when entering the complex through Darshini Darwaza. Then do "Jesus Adrian Romero" round or smaller sites that surround the temple tribute.

Jesus Adrian Romero is a large marble corridors throughout the Sarovar. Devotees pay homage to 68 points along adored. They moved clockwise around the Parikrama. Dukh Bhanjani Ber tree is one of the main stops, where people take holy dip in the Sarovar. Behind him, symbolizes the Langar hall broke all the social barriers to eat together, irrespective of caste and faith.

Jubb trees are 450 years and marks the place where the first priest of the temple, Baba Buddhaja supervise the construction of the temple. The tree was another area in honor of two Sikh soldiers Sukha Singh Mehtab Singh and tied their horses, while the mass death of Ranger desecrate the holy place in 1740. Visitors can find the martyrdom of Baba Deep Singh, who fought to the death against the Afghan Army was responsible for the attack on the temple.

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Taj Mahal, India

Wonder: Taj Mahal
Country: India
Region: Agra
Visitable: Yes
About: Taj Mahal or the epitome of love is a magnificent monument that reflects an immense love.

The Taj mesh Stands Firmly in the yamuna river on the right bank is a point where it Requires a sharp turn Eastward to the Taj mesh is Synonymous with love and romance. Taj mahal Complex Organizations in a rectangle, size approximately 310 × 550 effort. It Includes a number of Buildings, Structures, all as a Funerary Monument to mumtaz Mahal • Operational.

The whole building complex particularly Consists of five major Components of darvaza (Home Gateway), bageetsha (Garden), a Moscow (the Moscow), nakkar around the khair khana (rest room), Rosa (Main Mausoleum).

Taj ganj area led to the southern gate to enter the forekourt of the Taj mahal complex, although the door to the East and West jilaukhana March often Visitors. After the two Doors are the same, with the central government pointed to that the arch crown with guldastas (Ornamental Flowers Steeple) Octagonal Pilasters on E sides of pishtax.
In the southern gate, is similar to the vertical Degrees, East and West. Because the site, which slopes in a course river bank slope, the door is 2.4 meters higher the ground elevation jilaukhana themselves. 2 Market Street Started in the East, the West gate, and led to jilaukhana. In the market include (hujra) single room balcony on the balcony the support of Multi - kusped arch slender column. The jilaukhana with a 128 hujra levels equal to the room a great Courtyard Garden.

The jilaukhana Northeast is khavasspuras, two Residential lid. The khavasspuras North close to the South seat, left the door to the East and West. The khavasspuras cover the southern end of a road outside the space toilet. Smiling two sahel Projects (under the Subsidiary Graves) in the east and western jilaukhana shell are two other Wives of the tomb of quiet jahan body. In the rhizobium boat cover in the garden, style Kahn firebag Arrangements for water from the central swimming pool Surrounded by peacock Walkways.

The grave is Octagonal - Shaped Buildings, one - story building, the base build. Walls form a multi - kusped Mall. S. Construction and Wearing a red Sandstone base, the structure of white marble of the spherical dome. "Internally, on the tombs of the sahel, southern Gateway to Sailing the project have led to the monument. Brick wall is the opposite color in the mainland of China: the wall Wearing a white marble, while the Jolly and ceiling of the Sandstone.
The big door (darvaza - Ⅰ Rosa) is a great opening with the door, based ternari structure of the Measures, nearly 38 meters, the perimeter wall, with the Turret, is 30 meters tall. Current pishtak, also Includes the Turret, 33 meters high, 19 meters wide. The door is a decorative plate with red Sandstone and white marble Accents.

Yvonne the position contains a red Sandstone, which contrast with the white plaster Coating mukarnas an Overview of each section. Flat 11 random pishtak is a red Sandstone arch of tshajja limit series. The line arrangement of Architectural Elements found in the North and the South side of the door with the Taj complex moral, Hierarchical structure of its Internal design consistent. Gatevay curve, Adding to engage in tower, is also a red Sandstone, the Items, and Accepting good advice, the Towers of white marble Decorated with frames.

In the southern Sea of top - notch darvaza arch - Ⅰ Rosa the main tourist part of the structure building • mumtaz Mahal for the first time to see. Flank darvaza - 1 Rosa the North, Two Pairs, as the South article, 1 East, one to the West, ignoring a large garden, in front of the main Mausoleum known as the multifolyate arch arkaded article. In the Distinction between external and Internal Scharping Mall listed on its basis only Fitting: outside there are garden flower decoration Implied. Article of the platform extension to the garden, and his decorative Ceramic tile Laying Patterns Facing the garden. Article Terminated and Galleries used to come into a room, east and west ends.
A shallow - water canal (river) is the main transit center, a ekvidistanse line running under the lake fountain. Geometrical Patterns Painted in red Sandstone regular and Elongated star decoration on each side edge of the river road running. The Intersection of the main aisle is a square pool for the center (high) platform. 5 fountain is Located inside the fuel tank, every one in his four seeds in its center. The Termination of two East - West pedestrian Kiosks (naubat Hannah), said to the outer wall of the Merger. Akvedukt water to the garden of the yamuna River to the north of the Mausoleum. Konnekted through a copper pipe underground system of copper vessel operation of the central fountain. In the meantime, the Gardens, less Trees, particularly with lawn Grasses remain safe.

2 naubat Hanna (drum house) is Built on a high platform, and two Floors. Not all the same, naubat Hanna is a center in the East and western Highlands three artshes, Respectively. On the ground, the arch is Closed and the Residue within the screen, in the Upper, they remain open. Right next the Walls of the Items on the floor and below the formation of the story, as the balcony of the establishment of a long - term, the red Sandstone Carved be the length of the Handrail, and Carving Sandstone beneath it in Brackets to help support. The tahkhana, a place in konsekutive Galleries and a narrow corridor Connecting to obtain two Staircases decline was mainly due to the Mausoleum in the east and western base of the surface Openings.
In secondary Schools, square marble base, 93 meters long, is Focused on the Sandstone terrace. The right tomb, and four minarets Flanking it is based on the marble pedestal. Is based on the base and plant Decorations, this is the Mausoleum of white marble cargo Subtle Carving.

The Mausoleum at the Taj mesh complex, the central location is a two - loud, Octagonal - Shaped design. Remaining in their channel of mumtaz Mahal and quiet jahan • monument. Yo it tshamber of the chamber, the ceiling of the shallow dome, and with each of the Walls Decorated two - story sanctuary. In the principal axis of the Niches have Residue on the screen within the Walls, Allowing light to enter the site, the external face of the device. Diagonal axis of Rectangular Niches at the door. American is Divide into Upper and lower an Inscription of the story, one is a band around the mainland. In the Upper, the frames to replace the mukarnas's beginning to change a Domed Octagonal ring design. Shallow dome, which is used in the Construction of the second half of double - ball, which appeared at that time with a decorative mukarnas Extended Mode support base.

The tomb floor Tiles in Alternating circle - Shaped Modules, each Inlaid Octagonal star Outlined in black marble stone. The Octagonal shape of each screen is Divide in three Teams to the marble side, there is only one open visit to the monument. • in the mumtaz Mahal monument is a Rectangular Decorated with Koranic verses on a platform in the Upper and lower than Blacks on the basis of the course model.
In the Mausoleum of the roof is a tall drum, in order Bulbs Measured 17.6 meters wide and 25.6 meters high dome - Shaped. 4 tshhatris Oblique on the side drum. The platform provides the following Gardens, which is Accessed by a staircase on the first floor, one lying on the side of the entrance to the tomb. Four highest Plans for the Mausoleum Reflected in symmetry. The two Flanking the center of the structure of Arched Niches pishtak curb blind up and down. Every corner of the building has tshamfered height (to the Northeast, Northwest, Southeast and Southwest).

The semester, under the structure of the central pishtax, and other similar form of complicated, it is Inlaid decoration thuluth poetic Inscriptions from the Koran. The pishtak's Highest point, is a linear model between the two konsekutive years of floral design to extend the cap to engage guldastas column. Relative to the larger random pishtax, the two Sub - pishtax very well treated, and in the black and dark yellow herringbone Inlay decoration outside the high Pilasters. The Pilasters on E sides of a square plate, horizontal and vertical as - Shaped structure, in their bases.
Moscow and mihmankhana are Located in the western and east parts of the Mausoleum building. Symmetry and signs the same, presumably, from the first record of building the Mosque, and then at mihmankhana. The mask wall, a recess in the Worship, the son of a marble Inscription structure for Sura known. The floor of the Mosque there are also different mihmankhana, this is the Muslim prayer rug design. The Completion of the ceiling in the sgraffito technology in more than one white plaster jacket to add a red component. Flower design, sculpture, past red layer, appear in white.

Xenon To contains stepvell (Pauli), which is due mihmankhana the South tshamber of Commerce that led to the bathroom. Pauly Plaza and the Southwest region have a good run to reduce the Structural Center axis and, through his five - layer extension: 3 subjects, two below. The two tower Pavilion North of the Mosque and mihmankhana with the leadership of the lower tshamber of Commerce, the bathroom, stairs and the leadership of the riverbed. The four Towers each of the river Octagonal plan. Every tower is Surrounded by a dynamic external path around the main room. The external Walls of a number of blind kusped artshes, every platform is an Orielle window with River Views (jharoka). The tower is Wearing a red Sandstone Carved in relief with Floral Patterns Inlaid marble board.

History

The Taj mahal is Built by mughal emperor quiet jahan (1628-1658), Akbar's' Great Grandson, in his queen arjumand me One proves, Entitled mumtaz Mahal • Persian Muslim princess from memory. Queen's real name was arjumand Banyu. In the mughal tradition, an important royal Waves to give their marriage in another name or in some other important event in life, the new name is Commonly used with the public.
She many in her caffeine to accompany burhanpur break after her husband slobber birth to their 14th child's rebellion. • When mumtaz Mahal was still alive, she Extracted the emperor four Commitments: first, he Built the Taj morals; moment, he should get married again; Third, he loves to children; fourth, his visit to the tomb of the anniversary of her death. However, it is not been Provan to be true, until the day.

According to legend, in his wife's death, mum jahan Locked in his room and Refused to 8 days, when the emperor Emerged from the Seclusion of his food, his black beard can be found in a number of mughal Miniature Paintings have Turned into white . Monument for his wife, mum jahan Chose a corner of the Sprawling on the left bank of the yamuna River Gardens to make the map. 6 months later, her body is Transferred to Agra, the Taj morale will be the last Embodiment of the main tomb in the basement. • Taj mahal is a two - mumtaz Mahal and quiet jahan's tomb.

In the Taj mahal was Built in 1631, and spent about 22 years to build socialism. It Allows for the delivery of Construction Materials 22.000 vorkers and 1.000 Elephants Services. Komposite material used in the Taj morale, brick, Sandstone and white marble. Brick sizes Ranging 18-19 x 11-12.5 × 2.3 centimeters, the standard size of the rule of itself - Akbar. The Bricks are Baked in the cool the Outskirts of Agra. The use of Sandstone in a complex with different colors of soft red and Yellow color is red. White marble of rajasthan, India, about makrana Quarries. 400 kilometer Southeast from Agra. The use of marble in the complex is a white black and gray Stripes.

Construction of the Biggest technical Issues in the Taj mesh is a difficult Superstructure of a Nearby River. This is a kased hole Completion of wood and Debris, and iron in 3.75 meters, the center Spacing, to fill. Precious Stones, semi - precious Stones, as in other parts of the tomb complex decoration. The Stones, included Lapis lazuli, sapphire, agate, jasper, Peridot, and Valerian. A Disciplined colors and decorative details of decoration can be China in the Taj morale. Flovers relief found in marble and Sandstone Walls, The Carvings are the work style of the pyetra Dura, but all Efforts in Accordance with their structure and Furnishing Materials.

Taj mahal Architecture is a Persian, Central fall and islamik Architecture for a class of Integration. The specific plan shares is uncertain, is determined according to various sources istad not, ustad ACHEMA Latorre, Isa Muhammad effendi, or geronimo's Verona. However, the Construction Documents Show, the main architect istad the United States, he was a famous islamik Architecture. The documents, included employment and the Construction material and a list of names of origin. And the Characteristics of the entire complex is obvious in such a way the Organic Unity of the total can not cover any part of the Personality, do not Detract of the Taj morale increase stress. It was Completed in 1648, 32 million Rupees (over 75 million U.S. Dollars) fee.

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Roman Colosseum, Italy

Wonder: Roman Colosseum
Country: Italy
Region: Rome
Visitable: Yes
About: An elliptical amphitheatre, the Coliseum is one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman engineering.

Rome, the center of learning, trade and trade the time, but also greatly promoted the development of these areas. First the word "stadium", which may be due to a Nero, and a huge statue of whom have been close to the stadium.

Rome will be a description of the debate between the Roman Colosseum is not so much conversation. However, there is no doubt, the architecture and the concept of a certain prestige and self-esteem.

It was originally the Flavian amphitheater, oval-shaped arena in the city of Rome. It is the ancient Roman architecture and Roman engineering, one of the greatest works. The building was built by the Flavian dynasty, emperor, so that the original name. The Romans may have referred to the amphitheater Caesareum unofficial name of the Colosseum, the name should be strictly poetic.
Arena or stadium is a site just east of the ancient Roman Forum, which started construction of 70 to 72 the Emperor Vespasian, the emperor Titus opened the year AD 80 years 100 days of competition, which bring about 90000 animal's life has been updated and Domitian, in the Hypogeum build one for residential underground tunnel number of animals and slaves. He also added a gallery to the top of the Colosseum to increase seating capacity.

Arena is to use the 50 million viewers the ability to combat competition and public spectacles. It is used in the future of the 500 races held there the last few years. In addition to traditional fighting games, many other public spectacles were held there, such as the simulated sea battles, animal hunting, executions, re-known wars behavior, and a television drama based on classical mythology. This will no longer be used in the early Middle Ages, the era of entertainment, and later re-housing, workshops, religious order, a fortress, quarries and Christian holy places for different purposes such as open houses.
Today, the Colosseum was to destroy, due to the damage caused by the earthquake and stone robbers. Has long been considered a sign of the Roman Empire symbols. It is a modern, one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions, and the Roman Catholic Church is still closely linked, as each one Ching Ming Festival, the Pope led the torch procession "of the Cross" procession route arena. Big Ben described in the Italian version of the 5 cent coin.

History
Emperor Vespasian began construction around the 70-72 rule. On site in a small valley Caelian, Esquiline and Palatine Hill, flow through the drainage layer per unit area of operation. Later, the region's population density, then two centuries. The destruction of the great fire of Rome AD 64 In addition to Nero seized much of the region in order to increase their own personal domain name. His Web site to build grandiose Domus gold leaf at the front, where he has created an artificial lake pavilions, gardens and surrounded by porticoes. Water supply areas, the existing water pipeline has been expanded and Claudia huge bronze Colossus of Nero's Domus gold leaf near the port set up.
Although the giant has gone through a lot of Domus Gold Leaf removal. The lake is filling and reconstruction of the country's new Flavian amphitheater location. Internal reasons, the former gladiator school and the building of the nearby Domus working in the area other support.Colosseum, therefore, can be interpreted as a major monument of the victory marked the re-issues can be found at the scene, "the emperor Vespasian ordered a new amphitheater, is his overall share of the spoils of war." This was the means the value after the seizure of a large number of Romans, the great uprising against the Jews victory.

Big Ben is a major fire about 217 serious and may cause lightning strikes, destruction of wooden ceiling amphitheater design. This is not entirely correct, only about 240 people, 250 or 252 and 320 may result in further adjustments in the 443 caused by a major earthquake. Arena has consistently denied fighting advanced six centuries of fighting the last-mentioned is about 435 animals, hunting for at least 523

In the Middle Ages, the Colosseum a few significant changes. Arena changes in cemetery.Approximately 1200 Frangipani family use the castle, but in 1349 a major earthquake caused the collapse of the outer south side. Most of the stone down the re-establishment of the palaces, churches, hospitals and other places in other buildings in Rome.

In 1749, Pope Benedict XIV construction of Christ's holy zeal and installation of cross-channel, from the Christian holy blood of martyrs who died there to declare.

Since the state was destroyed, stadiums can be used to organize large-scale events, such as a much larger concert was held, through the building in the background completely. Arena was covered with a canopy has been a huge tent. Such protection from the sun's audience. This is a very big importance to the Jews, at the top and anchor ropes power. About 1,000 people team was used to install tents.

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Petra, Jordan

Wonder: Petra
Country: Jordan
Region: Aqaba Governorate
Visitable: Yes
About: Petra, the giant red mountains and extensive mausoleums are appreciated for being one of the greatest wonders worked by the Nature and the Man.

Petra is about 3-5 hours south of modern Amman, about 2 hours north of Aqaba, on the edge of the desert mountains, Wadi Araba. The highest mountains around the city is a rust-colored sandstone of the natural protection of the attacker in the city.

Petra is more than 800 individual monuments, including buildings, tombs, bathroom, buried in the aisle, temples, curved revenue, and its surrounding streets, especially the ever-changing technology, sandstone carvings, and the natural ability of their inhabitants. Petra monuments in the best time for visitors in the first few hours in the morning and last night when the sun is warm with colorful stones.
The site is completely dry, loose sand may Nabataeans carved their stone temples and tombs in the sand can easily collapse. The colors range from pale yellow or white stones against the rich dark red-brown rocks. Twisted sectors in different colors of the rocks form a vortex and the colors of the rock surface, wave, when used in connection with the Nabataeans.

Petra was selected metropolitan Nabateans, because it is situated in a valley surrounded by sandstone mountains. There are many ways to Paris, but they are easy, and the Valley of the seal, which is almost impossible for anybody to come.

Petra's main entrance is known as SIQ, it is up to 200 meters on this side of the throat and monasteries in the end (Kazneh) is to promote the film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. All 800 tombs carved in Kazneh Petra is the most popular. Kazneh His name means "wealth", and the Bedouin people believe that the Israelites for Pharaoh, who secretly national prosperity Kazneh high-water heater. In front of the tomb is a top-down construction. The channel is carved in stone.
The temple is the largest tomb in front of Petra, the length is 50 meters wide, 45 meters high.Despite its name, it is a tomb, and its name is written inside the cross. As Kazneh structure consists of two stories, breaking magnificent coffin.

History
Archaeologists believe that Petra is prehistoric. North of the city and Beida, even 9000 years old city was discovered, said the European Union, one of the earliest known settlement in Jericho in the Middle East. Recorded in the Bible, King David includes the Edomites, perhaps around 1000 BC. This story, the Edomites enslaved, but eventually won their freedom. Several major battles were at war with each other and the people of Judah to the east.
Not more than 3 million people in Paris, 1 century, is a misunderstanding, Paris is a city just died. Great earthquake in 363 AD destroyed at least half of the city. Petra never recovered from the injury.

Paris saw the first appearance in 1812, they lost the 16th century, almost 300 years. Classic Petra and the salad was the first name means the same thing, "Rock" and in some cities has never been aptly named. However, the "rock" to transfer the image is only half of the city, nature, dreamlike shape of the hills, the great gulf that separated all the bright colors, must be taken into account that. Petra is a unique natural and cultural heritage are, and their own strategies.

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Machu Picchu, Peru

Wonder: Machupicchu
Country: Peru
Region: Cusco
Visitable: Yes
About: One of the new seven wonders, the most beautiful Inca city and the main archeological site of America.

Upon his return to the United States, Bingham decided to organize an expedition to Peru.Bingham returned to Cusco, the receiver of his foot and by mule Urubamba River basin, in the past ollantaytambo to the Urubamba River Valley. 237 Yue Bingham and his party stationed at a place called Panpa Man dole, which is made Melchor yaga, the local farmers who leased the river curiosity. Bingham received Almeida, sa tagaytay opposite the camp on top of a wide range of ruins, the Almeida, his people Quechua, called Machu Picchu, or "Old Mountain."Bingham pay Arbeaga even showed fragments. In his view, saying it is too difficult to withdraw such a wet day, and only Seargeant Carrasco and Jaga, accompanied by Bingham left the camp. The river climbed the steep slopes, until they reached bangalore at noon.
Bingham break in a cottage, the group received the warm hospitality of the farmers. They told him that they are living for about four years, and explained that they found fertile land in the terrace of a wide range of systems, decided to be vegetation. Bingham They said that the debris near the search, he received guidance, 11-year old Pablito Alvarez, to lead him.

Almost immediately drew a corner of the old terraced wide perspective. No more than a century, has recently been deleted and the forest recovery. Here the little Pablito began to show an immediate Bingham white granite masonry of the best historians have never seen an example to determine the wall series.

According to Bingham, said: "I came to the beautiful Urubamba Valley Inca citadel. From the cold cliff which, by elimination of a great river to escape through the granite mountain system. Path is the guide Peer country charm. There is the wonderful Canadian Rocky Mountains, as well as the wonderful beauty of Bali near Nuuanu Honolulu, as well as drainage koolau Trail Maui stunning scenery, my country..
Machu Picchu the ancient Incan city name, as a part of the new seven wonders list. Global vote since 1999, accumulated an early stage of almost 20 million votes. The final decision on July 7 in Lisbon, Portugal, Machu Picchu, one of the new seven wonders of the modern world, the name in 2007 to meet the city Cusqueño (Cuzco people). Machu Picchu in Peru and the United States is a major archaeological site, and can best places in the world.

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Christ the Redeemer, Brazil

Wonder: Christ the Redeemer
Country: Brazil
Region: Rio de Janeiro
Visitable: Yes
About: Christ the Redeemer, the most important monument of the Catholic parishioners waits for the visitors of the whole world with the opened arms.

The form of Christ the Redeemer in Corcovado Peak. Christ the Savior for the whole 38 meters high monument, the same goes for the 30-meters of books and statue overlooks Rio de Janeiro is one of the world's longest statues of Buddha, from finger to finger on the extent of 28 meters, is A small church is located in the base.

The reason why the building is to demonstrate the love of Christ for us all. Portugal, the iconic monument is known as Monte Cristo Redentor. Christ, that Paul Landowska and local technical Weil Da Silva Costa, the French sculptor was chosen to control the entire building. The statue is constructed of steel, reinforced concrete, but because it is a cross-shaped monument of materials is considered more appropriate. Outer shell made idols speak because of its extreme resistance to weather, but also because of its plasticity.

Christ the Redeemer, which is 2.4 seconds Mikko erke rail Wa hosting 360 passengers each visit now. Railroad travel in 20 minutes to leave the base every half hour. From the road or railway terminus in the form of Christ the Redeemer is to achieve 222 steps. Who does not want to make it difficult for mountain trekking, you can reach a statue of escalators and lifts.
Christ is a tourist destination, attracting tourists more than a year. Best time to visit the Christ the Redeemer was the form of late afternoon or evening, when you can enjoy beautiful sunsets in the world, an important symbol.

History
Created more than a monument of Christ the Redeemer, the history of construction began in 16 when the Portuguese "Corcovado Mountain, on behalf of the century," alluding to one of the most impressive is the name of the mountains in the form of a hump.

In 1924, Don Pedro himself led the first official expedition to Corcovado Mountain, which has improved the mountains to visit indefinitely adventure. Then in 1859, his father Vincent had Corcovado Mountain in Rio de Janeiro, mysterious beauty of the attacks and suggested that the Princess Isabel, who in 1921 way of thinking to do statistics on the construction of religious monuments in the form of Christ is large.

From 1859-1921, Don Pedro between him and sending the old Cosme Velasco erke Wa lines within the building. After fierce competition, which Weil Da Silva Costa, an engineer, project selection, in the month of September, a fund-raising activities of the national projects have been organized.
Finally, the statue was built in 1927, after the model of various sizes have been established. All calculations made on the coast of sizzle and Pedro Viana Weilaliwei with the construction of these years, living in wooden shack at the foot of the monument.

All necessary construction work and workers were transported Corcovado Christ in the form of rail link via Newcomb Sleep, depending on the tourist train today. Train was the first time, Brazil, office of special transport for tourists was also the first power of work.

Monument built in the 12th October 1931. The final design of the monument is an artist Carlos Oswald and the responsible parties to help Landowskitura French sculptor Paul. Christian monuments on the Corcovado mountain in the Savior, is the world's largest sculpture, one of Run d. To date, some reforms have been completed to ensure the quality of savior Christopher.The light is increased, while in September 2002 at the latest reconstruction of the panoramic elevator and motorized staircase, in addition to alleviating the difficulties in the elderly.

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Great Wall of China, China

Wonder: Great Wall of China
Country: China
Region: Beijing
Visitable: Yes
About: One of the most famous structures of the world and unique human structure that can be seen from the space.

Great Wall of China is a range of fortifications made of stone and clay in China, built, rebuilt and maintained between the 5th century BC and 16 century to protect the northern borders of the Chinese empire under the rule of successive dynasties.

Steps that make up the Great Wall of China are very steep and high in some areas. Tourists often become exhausted climbing the wall and walk no more than a kilometer or two (a mile). In some areas the blocks were cemented with a mixture of sticky rice and egg white. In the extreme western desert locations, where good materials are scarce, the wall was built of earth rammed between rough wood tied together with woven mats.

The wall is included in the list of "seven wonders of the medieval world, but it was probably one of the classic Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Greeks.It is recognized by the world's longest human structure, which extends about 6400 km from Shanhaiguan east of Lop Nur in the west, along the arc which outlines around the southern edge of Inner Mongolia, but stretches over 6700 km in total. A 'not' big structures ever built in terms of space and matter.
Three points are common in Beijing, which has been renovated and is regularly visited modern tourists. One of the most impressive of the Ming Great Wall is a place where he climbs a very steep slopes. It runs 11 kilometers in length, 5 to 8 m high and 6 meters at the bottom, narrowing up to 5 meters. Wangjinglou is one of 67 Jinshanling guard towers, 980 meters above sea level.

South-east of the Jinshanling, Mutianyu Great Wall is that winds along the steep mountains from south to north-east-west approximately 2.25 km. E 'connected Juyongguan Pass to the west and east Gubeikou. Another important point is located at the east end of the wall, where the first pass of the Great Wall built in Shanhaiguan, the first mountain the Great Wall rises. Jia Shan is also here, is how Jiumenkou, which is only part of the wall that was built as a bridge.

HISTORY
Construction of the Great Wall of China began in the 7th century BC, the Zhou Dynasty. This wall was built many hundreds of years. The first version of the wall was built to withstand the invaders away from the village who cultivate land on the Chinese border. These walls were built to deficiencies in natural landscape, or where he was seen as a major threat.
Some of these walls was the most strategically important, when the defense localized form gradually joined the Great Wall of China. At that time, the Chinese territory extended to the north, earlier defended the central wall, the wall was built further north. Great Wall was built soldiers, civilians, peasants and prisoners, especially during the three dynasties: Qin, Han and Ming, although Sui Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period played a role. Architectural styles of each dynasty added their personal tastes and advanced techniques learned from the previous year.

China's first dynasty was short-lived Qin Dynasty. The first emperor, Qin Shi Huang, the despotic emperor who unified China by force and began to build the Great Wall to enter. Also sent scientists to work on the Great Wall, which was considered unproductive. These workers are exposed to hard work and constant threat of being attacked by bandits.

Most of the first Great Wall of China was composed of weak rock, but when the natural stone in the area were not enough, the engineers were turning in another way, he had to be used in a rectangular frame, which was filled with loose soil. The soil was trodden group of workers for several hours until firm. This process of landfills and chose to be repeated again and again until the walls reached the desired height.
Dynasty seconds to add to the Great Wall was the Han Dynasty. The most important benefit is that of the Han Dynasty Great Wall extended west across the Gobi desert. Despite the lack of building materials, Chinese engineers have found ingenious solutions. This method, which involved the first layer of wicker, perhaps tissue. Then a layer of gravel and a little 'water were charged and trampled firm. After trampling, was added a new layer of reeds and gravel. This process can be repeated until the desired height was achieved. Wonder that some parts of the Great Wall still stands, partly due to droughts in the Gobi.

The last dynasty to build the northern wall of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). This dynasty built the biggest, longest, strongest and decorated Great Wall of China at all. These are walls that we know today. Their method of construction of the Great Wall of melted everything he had learned from two previous dynasties. Firstly, the center of trampled earth was created. Then, around the center of the object shell of stone and brick. Bricks, which were created Ming, are so strong that it compares well with those we use today. Ming wall was built strong through some of the most dangerous terrain in China, between steep mountains, sometimes to 75 degree slopes. It 'was said that every step of the construction costs of Great Wall of China a human life.

Ming Dynasty Great Wall starts at the eastern end of the Shanhai Pass, near Qinhuangdao, in Hebei Province, near the Bohai Sea. After the 9 provinces and 100 counties, but the final 500 km Great Wall in the west, but all have turned to rubble. Ming along the Great Wall of China there are many towers, which are located less than a kilometer to a kilometer away. These were partly used to transmit military messages. Fire and smoke were the most effective means of communication, the fire was used during the night and smoke during the day. Straw and manure were used for this. In 1468, a number of rules to specific interest to these signals: one hit and one fire or smoke signal implied about 100 enemies, two warning signals 500, three warnings over 1000, and so on. In this way, messages can be transmitted through more than 500 km from the Great Wall a few hours.

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Chichen Itza, Mexico

Wonder: Chichen Itza
Country: Mexico
Region: Yucatan
Visitable: Yes
About: Chichen Itza is the religious center more amazing of the Mexican history and one of citadels Mayan more ancient.

The famous Mayan pyramids of Chichen Itza (Tung Chee-hwa chehn Eastern European Time, subarachnoid hemorrhage) in the Maya literally means "mouth of the well-Itza," the name of Chichen Itza is a Mayan word: Chi (oral) , Chen (wells) and Qin (Qin tribe), located 75 miles east of Merida, the capital of the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. This site among the most important Mayan culture, and covers an area of about 6 square kilometers.

In the architectural features, Chichen Itza, and are directly related to Toltec style, Maya is a "game", "Castle", "Group's 1000 column", "Hong Kong Tzompantli" the construction of Eagle, "" Temple de guerrero "and" markets. "All these buildings have the same decoration motives found in Tula. The most common representation is the soldiers and Quetzalcoatl.
The main attractions is the central part of the pyramid, area, based on strengthening the pyramid, about 75-foot-high castle Plumed Serpent, which means "Castle of the Plumed Serpent," is described at the top. In the feathered serpent god is a common several Central American cultures. "The Castle" is without doubt the local ceremony, the descendants of Kukulcan. Pyramid has special astronomical layout, the formation of a play of light and shadow.March 21 snake metaphor of the body down from the temple at the top of the pyramid and reach the head at the foot of the stairs.

As long as Castillo is a golf course beyond the Mayan men under the big games, the so-called love Dabo. Anthropologists believe that the goal of the game, including throwing the ball through a ring is mounted on the wall, 7 meters above the ground. Game ball in Central America, the largest is 168 meters long, 70 meters wide.

Shaq the temple property, in its internal walls and pillars painted sculptures of feathers snake, warriors and priests. The upper part of the construction is only partially reflected his true greatness. There are three carved masks, long nose on the outside walls and corners. In the interior wall of the dome are paintings depicting scenes of war and daily life. Altar tables and chairs, it may serve as the throne of the VIP seats.
In the Temple of the Warriors "is not the top of the temple, which enter the column is usually Toltec. The other building is not Toltec seal is" skeletons wall. "These buildings are destined to become a cemetery for the mobilization of years. Every 52 years the ancient Maya and other cultural ties to complete a cycle of bundles. platform Venus or dance, Saint wells or wells sacrifices, Tzompantli, shown in the figures, in relief of the skull.

The ruins of the central group can be found at:

Red house or Chichan touch, this building is located on elevated platforms, from the fragments of red paint were found inside. The word "Chichan touch" means "small holes" which may imply the roof ridge of lime. Structure consists of a hall and three bedrooms, and has hieroglyphs carved into the main conference hall. In the building must have a religion and public use, there is a ball game to join the east, with reliefs of the Maya, Toltec style.
El caracol, or the Hong Kong Observatory this structure is called the center because of its shape and some of the possible association of the Stars, from the astronomical event of the Venus and the sun set on the three top of the window. The name "Caracol" (shell) from the spiral staircase leading to the high-rise buildings.

Church, this small building has a room named after its proximity to the "monastery of nuns and exuberant ornament on it, so as to further enhance its high-top comb. You can see a large area covered by the original painted headdress of the Central Committee of the . "Bigner" key elements of the mask, positive, there sat the figure of God or the ancestors built in the nose, a central mask. There are figures, the four major operators in the corner of paradise ", Bacabs" or "Pauahtun" kneeling on the side panels. It seems that to build a number of difficulties, so that the building was rescued in the first three masks comb and decided to delete the details of the roof. So far, no one knows what the function of this building, despite the overload decorated buildings, is one of the best example of the construction Puke Qi Itza.

Temple inscriptions, in the name of the building from the relief sculpture of the north and south walls of the colonnades in the scenes depicted in many people, plants and animals, both real and imagined, which is mainly by the two soldiers. The building has a temple built in front of its board colonnades. These products are found during the examination of fire - related to the ceremony.

All regions, we can see comfortably day. You should also enjoy the wonderful light and sound show, held every night. Chichen Itza at the entrance, there is a wealth of museums, restaurants, clean lounge, gift shop and a number of suppliers kiosks.

History
Chichen Itza is the solution of 500 to AD 900 years of Maya and for some reason abandoned around 900, when the city 100 years after resettlement, and subsequently invaded Toltecs from the North. There are many different relief as the god Quetzalcoatl Mayan god Chac and the Toltec. For some reason, the city was abandoned 1300. If Spain does not make any policy to kill all of the Mayan priests and burning books when they arrive in Mexico, there should be a response.

The site is divided into two groups. A group belonging to the classical era, built in the 7-year-old and 10 AD, when the city became an important ritual center. Another group corresponds to Toltec, Maya, as the latter part of the 10th century to the early 13th century, the region including the Holy Well, and most are still pending.

When the Chichen Itza for the first time to solve the problem, mainly agriculture. Since many cenotes in the region has always been a very good solution. In the middle stages of the classical period, known as fluorescence (625-800 years) where the arts and sciences to flourish. It is in this time become the religious center of Chichen Itza the importance of increasing evidence of the building: Red House, the House of Representatives deer, Nunnery and its annexes, the church, Akab Dzib, the temple three lintels and the House of Representatives phalluses.

Towards the end of the classical period, from AD 800-925, the basis of this magnificent civilization weakened, Maya abandon their religious centers and the surrounding rural land. A new, smaller data center construction and major cities such as Chichen Itza visited only to perform religious ceremonies, or bury the dead. The qin to give up their city in the late 7th century AD, and living in the west coast of the peninsula about 250 years. However, in the 10th century, they returned to Chichen Itza.

In 1000 AD the Itza allied themselves with around two powerful tribes, XIO and Batumi, all claiming to be descendants of Mexicans. This alliance is beneficial to Ica nearly two centuries.In the meantime, the people of Chichen Itza added to the site buildings to withstand touch Toltec art: porch, art galleries, colonnades and sculptures representative of snakes, birds and Mexico God.

In the Toltec influence Itza in more ways than just architecture. They also expressed their religion on the odd piano, which means that a large-scale human sacrifice. They expanded the territory north of the Yucatan Peninsula, and association with Mayapan and Uxmal. As a political basis for Chichen Itza expanded to include the city's most spectacular buildings: the Observatory, Kukulcan Pyramid, the Temple of the Warriors, the game, the group's 1000 column. The Warriors have been pillars of the temple sculpture in low relief, retaining many original color. Murals decorate the walls. It is surrounded by numerous devastation became known as 1000 columns. In 1194, the Alliance to break the Mayapan and submitted to Chichen Itza and Uxmal. The city has gradually abandoned.

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